Is Observation Mathematically-Laden?

Real-life use of vasopressors and inotropes in cardiogenic shock—observation is necessarily ‘theory-laden’

We commend the attempt of Tarvasmäki et al. [1] to identify the mortality risk associated with individual vaso-active agents used in cardiogenic shock. However, despite their rigorous statistical analysis, we recommend caution in interpreting these results. Propensity score matching accounts for prior bias in the choice of vaso-active agents, but this choice of agent is often deeply engrained i...

1 The New AI is General & Mathematically Rigorous

When is Menzerath-Altmann law mathematically trivial? A new approach.

Menzerath's law, the tendency of Z (the mean size of the parts) to decrease as X (the number of parts) increases, is found in language, music and genomes. Recently, it has been argued that the presence of the law in genomes is an inevitable consequence of the fact that Z=Y/X, which would imply that Z scales with X as Z ∼ 1/X. That scaling is a very particular case of Menzerath-Altmann law that ...

Mathematically Natural Concrete Incompleteness

Every order invariant R ⊆ Q has a maximal nonnegative root, where S1...n|>n = S0...n-1|>n. Every order invariant R ⊆ Q has a # basis containing its upper shift. These are proved here by going well beyond the usual ZFC axioms for mathematics, using the consistency of the system SRP (Con(SRP)). Here SRP is the extension of ZFC by certain well studied large cardinal hypotheses (existence of cardin...

Three-dimensional bioprinting is not only about cell-laden structures

In this review, we focused on a few obstacles that hinder three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting process in tissue engineering. One of the obstacles is the bioinks used to deliver cells. Hydrogels are the most widely used bioink materials; however, they aremechanically weak in nature and cannot meet the requirements for supporting structures, especially when the tissues, such as cartilage, require ...